Islamic history references this is a list of books, important papers, and websites that primarily cover the history of the islamic world. Presentday armenia, azerbaijan, chechnya, dagestan, georgia, and abkhazia comprise the region historically known as the caucasus. However, since the growing popularity of islam jeopardized muhammads and his disciples lives, the entire community moved from mecca to medina circa 622 ce. References edit history of civilizations of central asia, volume 4, part 2 by c. Islam in central asia is a woefully understudied and neglected field of study so books on it are scarce. Overview of the tragic advent of political islam in central asia. Full text of muslims in central asia and the coming. The second phase in the history of radical islamic militants from central asia ended along with the intensification of the war in syria and the change in islamabads policy towards some of the international terrorist organisations active in the pakistani tribal areas.
Central asias sufi orders historically, four sufi orders had a significant presence in the region. Central asian history can never be explained without the reference of islam. Indeed by understanding how central asias geographic position made it a crossroads for a number of people and cultures, which as a result produced some of the greatest islamic thinkers and enabled tolerance and moderation as religious values. Nevertheless, after independence there was a surge of interest in islam, including the emergence of political islamist groups seeking to. Levi and ron sela draw from a vast array of historical sources to illustrate important aspects of the social, cultural, political, and economic history of islamic central asia. Introduction in 1904 sir halford mackinder, one of the fathers of geopolitics, put forward a heartland theory. Trace the history of central asia from the aryan invasion through the fall of the soviet union with these biographies, maps, and timelines.
Soviet response to its inability to eliminate islam from central asia. The territory known as central asia nowadays kazakhstan, kyrgyzstan, tajikistan. Uzbekistans struggle for a decent society, central asian survey, 231 2004, pp. Turkmenistan and uzbekistan has been a much disputed land in history. The age of islam and the mongols, by christoph baumer, 2016. Evaluating islams role in central asia by raja sutherland.
The diversity of muslims in asia from the middle east to southeastern asia, from central asia to the pacific islands, the diversity in asia is striking. The muslims first entered mawarannahr in the middle of the seventh century through raids during their conquest of persia. Download it once and read it on your kindle device, pc, phones or tablets. Geographically, central asia comprising modern kazakhstan, kyrgyzstan, tajikistan, turkmenistan, and uzbekistan may be divided into three zones. For the united states, central asia states represent a buffer on the. In this meticulously researched book, yemelianova offers a panoramic overview of the political, economic, cultural and religious developments in this part of central asia from the russian takeover. The spread of islam outside of the arabian peninsula and into other parts of the continent can be linked to the extensive trade routes connecting west asia to china.
The main evidence for the history of central asia before the coming of islam comes from archeological excavations, while written sources contain little information. Central asia is a modern geographical designation covering an area of considerable political, ethnic, and linguistic diversity, but marked by a distinctive cultural synthesis rooted in the meeting of the civilization of inner asia with that of the middle east and the islamic world. Islam came to central asia in the early part of the 8th century as part of the mu. Ahmed rashid, who has been reporting on afghanistan since 1979, is one of the few international journalists to have interviewed the. The age of islam and the mongols kindle edition by christoph baumer.
Islam in central asia islamic studies oxford bibliographies. The tragic events of september 11th brought the taliban into sharp focus as the most radical and extreme islamic movement in the world, but little is still known about them because of the deep secrecy that always surrounded their organization and leadership. Exporting jihad islamic terrorism from central asia osw. Pottenger, civil society, religious freedom, and islam karimov. The book also explores the history of political islam in central asia and explains the concurrent roots of islamic militancy from the early disputes between salafis and traditionalists, through the period of islamic revival in the late 1980s when radical groups first emerged, and up to their growing strength today. Growing islamic extremism in central asia and the caucasus. Islam is the most widely practiced religion in central asia. Islamic central asia is the first englishlanguage anthology of primary documents for the study of central asian history. This work traces the history of the nomadic steppe tribes and sedentary inhabitants of the oasis citystates of central asia from pre history to the present. Islam i n central a sia has existed since the beginni ng of islamic history. The very current question in the last decades after the perestroika among the muslim countries of central asia which once belonged to the soviet block is. Even within scholarly circles, the myth is that when islam entered the silk road, it marked the end of a crosscultural and tolerant hegemony. In the name of allah, the most beneficent, the most merciful first and foremost, this work is one of many works by the leaders of the global jihad against the. General history of iran from the coming of islam to the present.
Introduction the history of islam concerns the religion of islam and its adherents, muslims. It contains a lot of brief, yet informative articles about different aspects of islam. Islam is the most widely practiced religion in c entr al asia. Central islamic islands class 11 notes history in pdf are available for free download in mycbseguide mobile app. Central asias muslims have traditionally practiced islam as it is interpreted by the hanafi school of islamic jurisprudence, which is known for its liberalness and respect for personal freedom. The lifestyle of such people has been determined primarily by the areas climate and geography. Metcalf sri lanka and the southern coasts for long centuries, india, in a memorable phrase, was on the way to everywhere abu lughod 1989. The opening of central asia and the implementation of islam was completed in the eighth century a. Central asia, central region of asia, extending from the caspian sea in the west to the border of western china in the east. To describe the islamic revival in central asia, a few notes on the historical background and earlier and later scholarly work on islam in the soviet union are at. Within a century after the prophets death in 632 ce, they had brought a large part of the globefrom spain across central asia to indiaunder a new arab muslim empire.
This move became a crucial event in the history of islam and came to be known as hijra. Abu kholdun almahmud, my dear student and a noted medical expert. As a result, the islamic population in central asia was being surrounded by great britain, russia, and china in the 19th century. As with the previous two volumes it is a big coffee table sized book with lots of beautiful pictures from central asia and a poordelicate paper wrapcover over. Islam made its way into the region during the first couple of centuries of the advent of islam. Growing islamic extremism in central asia and the caucasus situation and outlook dr. I am trying to collect references that cover as many as possible of the dynasties. The aridity of the region makes agriculture difficult and distance from the sea cut it off from much trade. This website is for people of various faiths who seek to understand islam and muslims. Islam made its way into the region during the first couple of. Nevertheless, after independence there was a surge of interest in islam, including the emergence of political islamist groups seeking to challenge the secular nature of these new states. The age of islam and the mongols is christoph baumers third volume of his four bk series on the history of central asia. A history of islam in central asia javad haghnavaz1, saiedjamaledden alerasoul2 1, 2department of islamic thoughts faculty, jolfa branch, islamic azad university, jolfa, iran i. Pdf history of central asia 1700 to 1991 researchgate.
The region consists of the former soviet republics of kazakhstan, uzbekistan, tajikistan, kyrgyzstan, and. Islam is thus not contained in any national culture. Islam began in asia in the 7th century during the lifetime of muhammad. These criticisms aside, the age of islam and the mongols, like the other volumes in the history of central asia by christoph baumer, is beautifully produced and useful to student and scholar. Anna munster, robert bosch visiting fellow, russia and eurasia programme, chatham house.
Khans and emirs tried to keep a very close and very public connection to islam, understanding it was the greatest unifier for social discontent. Eastern turkistan from the qing conquest to the prc. In its historical application the term central asia designates an area that is considerably larger than the heartland of the asian continent. Central asia and kazakhstan sadum, established in 1943 in tashkent, was the state body to control islamic affairs and served as an indicator for the reduced role of islam in soviet central asia tazmini 2001. The early conquests under qutayba ibn muslim 705715 were soon reversed by a combination of native uprisings and invasion by the turgesh, but the collapse of the turgesh khaganate after 738. The hanafi school of thought of sunnism is the most popular, with shiism of imami and ismaili denominations predominating in the pamir plateau and the western tian shan mountains, while boasting to a large minority population in the zarafshan river valley, from samarkand to bukhara. China moved into the region of xinjiang even earlier in 1760s. Islam, the state and ethnicity in central asia in historical perspective. Islamic central asia home indiana university press. The spread of buddhism and islam in central asia xinru liu pdf aijrhass. Russians also began to take over gradually central asia during this period. Diverse islamic groups have triggered a revival of islam in central asia in the last decades. There is very little agreement either within the policy community in the united states or in central asia itself as to what islamic radicalism is and who. Jan 18, 2018 these criticisms aside, the age of islam and the mongols, like the other volumes in the history of central asia by christoph baumer, is beautifully produced and useful to student and scholar.
To describe the islamic revival in central asia, a few notes on the historical background and earlier and later scholarly work on islam in the soviet union are at place. Many people were impressed by verses of the quran and converted to islam out of their free will. Galina yemelianovas muslims in central asia is a unique study which traces the history of muslims and islam in what, in the 19 th century, became russia and later sovietcontrolled central asia. Full text of muslims in central asia and the coming battle of islam see other formats muslims in central asia and the coming battle of islam omar abd al hakim shaykh abu musab as suri may allah free him translators introduction. Brought by arabs, the religion flourished in central asia, where it thrived and molded to fit the needs of the central asian peoples. Understanding radical islam in central asia for over five centuries, sunni islam in central asia in general and in uzbekistan in particular has been dominated by a formal religious hierarchy appointed or sponsored by a secular ruler. West and east africa, the arab world including north africa, the turcoiranian lands including central asia, northwestern china, the caucasus, the balkans, and parts. Particular focus is placed on the unique melting pot cultures that this region has. Exporting jihad islamic terrorism from central asia.
History of central asia, history of the area from prehistoric and ancient times to the present. A historical overview of islam in south asia barbara d. By paolo sorbello for the diplomat january 14, 2015. It is bounded on the north by russia and on the south by iran, afghanistan, and china. Articles islamic history in detail in modern terms, central asia comprises. The history of central asia concerns the history of the various peoples that have inhabited central asia. Muslim is an arabic word meaning one who submits to god. Yet, despite cultural differences, the religion of islam forms a common thread across asia. Trade brought arabs to indias southern seacoasts and to the coasts of sri lanka, where small muslim communities were established at least by. The history of the development of islamic radicalism in uzbekistan, and in central asia more generally, is a potentially contentious one. Three perspectives on political islam in central asia. Evaluating islams role in central asia by raja sutherland abstract.
One potentially useful approach would be to consider any muslim activist or cleric. Islam in central asia has existed since the beginning of islamic history. As a result, there has been a general securitization of islam by the governments. The period of islamic conquests and empire building marks the first phase of the expansion of islam as a religion. Perhaps the best way to limit the potential for religious militancy and extremism in central asia, then, is not to fixate on islam, but on the pervasive graft and corruption that serve the interests of central asian government elites at the expense of central asian societies. In terms of contemporary political boundaries, it comprises the newly independent post. The muslims first entered mawarannahr in the middle of the seventh. Pdf on may 1, 2017, galym zhussipbek and others published. Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading the history of central asia. Islam in russia and central asia preface to first english edition his book was published in bangla national language of bangladesh in june 1976 under the title islam in the soviet union.
Facing radical islam erlan karin 8 balance and see no interest in destabilising the region since any resulting conflict could spread to the caucasus, xinjiang, or the countries of south asia. These foreign powers attacked islam as a religion, the infrastructure that existed in these oases, and the nomadic way of life. Seventy years of soviet rule in central asia did not crush islam but it had a profound effect in secularising society and political elites. By the 19th century, central asia was completely taken over by russia. Muslims and their religion have greatly impacted the political, economic and military history of the old. The kubrawiya, yasawiya, and khwajagan naqshbandiya movements originated in. Were it not for the awkwardness of the term, it would be. Indeed by understanding how central asia s geographic position made it a crossroads for a number of people and cultures, which as a result produced some of the greatest islamic thinkers and enabled tolerance and moderation as religious values.
Pdf this paper examines the history of the central asia region during the. For many in central asia the mujaddidiya and hizbuttahrir hbt movements represent the most active and prominent radical islamist groups to have emerged over the past four decades the mujaddidiya is known for its role in the appearance of radical political islam in uzbekistan both prior to and after the collapse of the soviet union and its culmination in the violent jihad of the islamic. The age of islam and the mongols article pdf available in central asian survey 372. Often called the muslim archipelago, southeast asia is home to more than 240 million muslims about 42 percent of southeast asians, and about 25 percent of the worlds 1. A history of islam in central asia pdf islamic state in central asia islam in central asia religion, politics and moderation economist islam in central asia new york times a history of islam in central asia part 1 a history of islam in. The hanafi school of thought of sunnism is the most popular, with shiism of imami a nd ismaili denominations predominating in the pamir plateau and the western tian shan mountains almost ex clusivel y ismailis, while boasting to a large minority population in the.
The five republics of central asia, and their historical connection to islam. In the 8th century, islam began to penetrate the region, the desert nomads of arabia could militarily match the nomads of the steppe, and the early arab empire gained control over parts of central asia. At a time of religious tensions and extremist violence, the commotion about the islamic threat in central asia needs careful analysis. By aisha stacey 2019 published on 26 aug 2019 last modified on 01 sep 2019 category. The best app for cbse students now provides central islamic islands class 11 notes history latest chapter wise notes for quick preparation of cbse board exams and school based annual examinations. The cultural reach of islam may be divided into five geographical blocks. Islamic central asia under chinese, russian, and soviet rule. Historically, islamic faith practices in central asia had been subject to state control and strict supervision in times of the soviet union. Eric mcglinchey, autocrats, islamists, and the rise of radicalism in central asia, current history, october 2005, pp. In the early 1990s, a time when the newly independent states of soviet central asia.
In 1868, the russians moved into tashkent and made the city their capital in central asia. Pdf central asian history can never be explained without the reference of islam. This book has now been translated in english by dr. For many in central asia the mujaddidiya and hizbuttahrir hbt movements represent the most active and prominent radical islamist groups to have emerged over the past four decades. Muslims of central asia edinburgh university press. Introduction reassessing the islamic revival in central asia.
606 842 768 213 93 999 861 297 1126 1229 729 190 128 60 1179 435 1386 1358 110 462 1161 1319 672 714 28 61 759 1429 858 1018 549 976 444 802 1145 1036 559 982 1257 1206